Insectenkunde
Kennis der insecten!
Vliegvissers kunnen aan de hand van de aanwezige nimfen of turen naar de vliegen die op dat moment aanwezig zijn bepalen welk aas (vlieg of nimf) de vis op dit moment verkiest boven andere insecten die weinig of niet aanwezig zijn.
Met deze informatie over kleur, grootte en vorm van insectenlarven (nimfen) en andere waterdieren kan men hun voordeel doen. Voor allen die zelf kunstvliegen binden en hiermee vissen is informatie over kleur, vorm en grootte belangrijk.
Zelfs bij aanschaf van vliegbind materiaal komen zulke gegevens goed van pas. Bij het bepalen van de haakgrootte zijn afmetingen van insect of nimf nuttig om weten.
Tijdens het vliegvissen op rivier worden naast andere stadia meestal nimf en droge (of drijvende) vlieg gebruikt om een vis tot aanval te verleiden. Nimfen of droge vliegen komen het gehele jaar voor echter in elke periode hebben bepaalde nimfen en droge vliegen de overhand. Een schematisch overzicht (onderstaande tabel kan per gebied verschillen).
Een ander overzicht
Hier een uiteenzetting uit welke groepen men een nimf of droge vlieg kan kiezen.
Daarbij telkens een voorbeeld van een te gebruiken kunstvlieg.
Ontwikkelingsstadia van nimf tot eendagsvlieg
1 - nimf
2 - eerste stadium emerger,
3 - laatste stadium emerger,
4 - volgroeide eendagsvlieg
The Mayfly (Ephemeroptera) | Stages | fly Pattern |
|---|---|
| Nymph | Hare's Ear, Pheasant Tail, RS2 |
| Dun (Adult) | CDC Comparadun BWO,Sparkle Dun |
| Spinner | AK's Spinner |
Brown Duns, Blue-Winged Olives (BWO), Hendricksons, Sulphurs, Hexagenia (Hex) and Big Drakes, Cahills, Quill Gordons, Slate Drakes, Green Drakes, Tricos, Black Quills and Blue Quills, White Flies, Iron Blue and the Mayfly.
The Stone Fly (Plecoptera)
Families and genus in Plecoptera:
Little Yellows and Little Greens, Little (Tiny) Black, Roachflies, Golden Stones, Medium Browns and Yellows, Yellow Sally, Salmonflies, Willowflies, Neele Fly
| Stage | Fly Pattern |
|---|---|
| Nymph | Kauffman's Stone |
| Adult | Stimulator |
The Sedge Fly (tricoptera) Vliegen met platliggende vleugels
Families, Genus and species in Trichoptera:
Early Smoky Wing Sedges, Apple Caddis and Grannoms, Little Black Caddisfly, Little Brown-Green Sedges, Hydropsychidae, Little Brown-Green Sedges, Leptoceridae, Little Black Sedges, Northern Caddisflies, Tiny Black Gold Speckled-Winged Caddis, Green Sedges, Autumn Mottled Sedges, Grannom.
| Stage | Fly Pattern |
|---|---|
| Larva | Case Caddis, Czech Mate |
| Emerger | SparkleWing Caddis Emerger |
| Pupa | LaFontaine Sparkle Pupa |
| Adult | Elk Wing Caddis |
The Midges (Diptera)
Kleine vliegjes Maar ook de iets grotere zoals Mosquito vallen hieronder:
| Stage | Fly Pattern |
|---|---|
| Larva | |
| Pupa | |
| Adult | Griffith's Gnat, Syl's Midge |
Order - Diptera (True Flies)
Family Chironomidae (Midges)
Midges are small, down to hook size 28
The Land Flys (Terrestrials)
Zijn op land levende insekten welke op het water waaien of erin vallen.
Gekend onder de naam TERRESTRIALS deze bevatten o.a. Hawthorn Fly, Sprinkhaan (Gras-hopper) sommige kevers(beetles) en mieren (Ants)
Er zijn vis-momenten wanneer grote of kleine kringen op het wateroppervlak verschijnen,
het beste ogenblik voor het gebruik van de Droge of Drijvende kunstvlieg !
Life Cycles (Stages):
Insects go thru a metamorphosis transforming into different forms. Stages vary by family. Some examples:
Metamorphosis - Metamorphosis is the change that occurs during the organism's development (life cycle) from egg to adult. Most aquatic insects can be divided into two groups: ones that develop through complete metamorphosis, and ones that develop through incomplete metamorphosis.
Complete metamorphosis, which consists of four stages: Eggs, Larvae, Pupa, Adult. During the pupae stage, which lasts about 2 months, the organisms inhabit a "cocoon-like" structure where the transformation from larvae to adult occurs. They may become completely encrusted with pebbles during this stage. When pupation is complete, the insect which begins the emergence sequence is called a pharate adult It is no longer technically a pupa in the language of entomologists, but anglers refer to it as a pupa.
Examples: Caddisflies, Midge, Mosquitoes, Aquatic Gnats and Flies
Incomplete metamorphosis has three main stages of development (except for the mayfly that has two winged growing stages). These immature insects are called nymphs and they undergo a series of molts until the last decisive molt transforms the organism into an adult or imago in mayflies. There is no intermediate pupae stage where transformation occurs. The nymphs resemble the adults closely except for wing development.
Examples: Mayflies, Stoneflies, Dragonflies
The adult stage of mayflies has two stages:
- dun - first stage < 24 hrs. after emergence.
- From there they molt into a second adult phase called spinners. Their second pair of wings now fully developed, they are also sexually mature. After a few hours or up to a day, they usually , though not always, return to over the water, where they mate, lay their eggs and drop back onto the water to die.
See Life Cycle of Aquatic Insects at epa.gov
Flies:
Flies are named by "Fly patterns" designed to imitate insects (in various forms from larva to adult), baitfish, and other fish food.
They can range in size from imitation fish eggs to mice and frogs. There are usually a variety of styles and colors within a given pattern.
They are made with various materials such as bird feathers, animal fur and hair, wool, yarn, foam, beeswax, mylar, ... and are usually held together with sewing thread and glue.
Ernest Schwiebert is credited with popularizing the term "matching the hatch" in 1955.
The theory is trout will go into a feeding frenzy during hatches and only go after dun's, emergers, etc. of the species that is hatching. Some anglers watch for these hatches to decide when to fish. Others claim that if you make a perfect presentation it doesn't matter what fly you use.
When there is no hatch some stick to nymphs because that is what trout are feeding on, others say multi-purpose dry flies will attract fish. There are books written on this and it makes for good discussion.
Gary LaFontaine said that the three main methods of deciding on a particular fly are empiricism (trial and error tempered by previous experience), generalism (actually a denial that fly choice is very important and that fish will take any fly as long as I present it properly.), and naturalism (bug watching).
Source: Unmatching the Hatch, by Mike Lawson
Wat is wat?
Hoe onderscheid je nu de verschillende insekten. Ook hier zijn verschillende schema's voor. Een hanteerbare kaart is de volgende (met dank aan de Nederlandse Vliegvis Vereniging).
Verklaring van veel gebruikte Latijnse termen:
Trichoptera schietmotten, ook sedge of caddis genoemd
Hydropsychidae vrijlevende, nettenbouwende kokerjuffers
Rhyacophilidae vrijlevende rovende kokerjuffers
Ephemeroptera ééndagsvliegen
Baethidae soort ééndagsvliegen, maar snelle zwemmers
Plecoptera steenvliegen
Heptageniidae steenkruipers, soort ééndagsvlieg
Gammaridae vlokreeften
Detritus afgestorven micro-organismen
Chironomidae steenkruipers, is soort ééndagsvlieg
Diptera tweevleugeligen, ook muggen zijn dit.
Simulidae kriebelmuggen
Gammarus en Hyalella Scuds (vlokreeften)
Gekend onder de naam TERRESTRIALS deze bevatten o.a. Hawthorn Fly, Sprinkhaan (Gras-hopper) sommige kevers(beetles) en mieren (Ants)
Er zijn vis-momenten wanneer grote of kleine kringen op het wateroppervlak verschijnen,
het beste ogenblik voor het gebruik van de Droge of Drijvende kunstvlieg !
Life Cycles (Stages):
Insects go thru a metamorphosis transforming into different forms. Stages vary by family. Some examples:
Metamorphosis - Metamorphosis is the change that occurs during the organism's development (life cycle) from egg to adult. Most aquatic insects can be divided into two groups: ones that develop through complete metamorphosis, and ones that develop through incomplete metamorphosis.Complete metamorphosis, which consists of four stages: Eggs, Larvae, Pupa, Adult. During the pupae stage, which lasts about 2 months, the organisms inhabit a "cocoon-like" structure where the transformation from larvae to adult occurs. They may become completely encrusted with pebbles during this stage. When pupation is complete, the insect which begins the emergence sequence is called a pharate adult It is no longer technically a pupa in the language of entomologists, but anglers refer to it as a pupa.
Examples: Caddisflies, Midge, Mosquitoes, Aquatic Gnats and Flies
Incomplete metamorphosis has three main stages of development (except for the mayfly that has two winged growing stages). These immature insects are called nymphs and they undergo a series of molts until the last decisive molt transforms the organism into an adult or imago in mayflies. There is no intermediate pupae stage where transformation occurs. The nymphs resemble the adults closely except for wing development.Examples: Mayflies, Stoneflies, Dragonflies
The adult stage of mayflies has two stages:
- dun - first stage < 24 hrs. after emergence.
- From there they molt into a second adult phase called spinners. Their second pair of wings now fully developed, they are also sexually mature. After a few hours or up to a day, they usually , though not always, return to over the water, where they mate, lay their eggs and drop back onto the water to die.
See Life Cycle of Aquatic Insects at epa.gov
Flies:
Flies are named by "Fly patterns" designed to imitate insects (in various forms from larva to adult), baitfish, and other fish food.
They can range in size from imitation fish eggs to mice and frogs. There are usually a variety of styles and colors within a given pattern.
They are made with various materials such as bird feathers, animal fur and hair, wool, yarn, foam, beeswax, mylar, ... and are usually held together with sewing thread and glue.
Ernest Schwiebert is credited with popularizing the term "matching the hatch" in 1955.
The theory is trout will go into a feeding frenzy during hatches and only go after dun's, emergers, etc. of the species that is hatching. Some anglers watch for these hatches to decide when to fish. Others claim that if you make a perfect presentation it doesn't matter what fly you use.
When there is no hatch some stick to nymphs because that is what trout are feeding on, others say multi-purpose dry flies will attract fish. There are books written on this and it makes for good discussion.
Gary LaFontaine said that the three main methods of deciding on a particular fly are empiricism (trial and error tempered by previous experience), generalism (actually a denial that fly choice is very important and that fish will take any fly as long as I present it properly.), and naturalism (bug watching).
Source: Unmatching the Hatch, by Mike Lawson
Wat is wat?
Hoe onderscheid je nu de verschillende insekten. Ook hier zijn verschillende schema's voor. Een hanteerbare kaart is de volgende (met dank aan de Nederlandse Vliegvis Vereniging).
Verklaring van veel gebruikte Latijnse termen:
Trichoptera schietmotten, ook sedge of caddis genoemd
Hydropsychidae vrijlevende, nettenbouwende kokerjuffers
Rhyacophilidae vrijlevende rovende kokerjuffers
Ephemeroptera ééndagsvliegen
Baethidae soort ééndagsvliegen, maar snelle zwemmers
Plecoptera steenvliegen
Heptageniidae steenkruipers, soort ééndagsvlieg
Gammaridae vlokreeften
Detritus afgestorven micro-organismen
Chironomidae steenkruipers, is soort ééndagsvlieg
Diptera tweevleugeligen, ook muggen zijn dit.
Simulidae kriebelmuggen
Gammarus en Hyalella Scuds (vlokreeften)
